Velocities





the velocity of a galaxy can be measured by measuring

A how fast it moves across the sky

B how many lines occur in its spectrum

C the shift in the pattern of lines in its spectrum

D how fast its apparent size decreases



if a yellow spectral line is Doppler shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum:

A the source is moving away from you.

B the source is moving toward you.

C the distance between you and the source is increasing.

D the distance between you and the source is decreasing.



the Doppler effect causes light from a source moving away to be

A shifted to shorter wavelengths.

B shifted to longer wavelengths.

C changed in velocity.

D both (a) and (c) above.

E both (b) and (c) above.



light from an object moving toward you, as compared to an unmoving light source, is

A unchanged

B bluer

C redder

D brighter



imagine you observe the red shifts of two galaxies, galaxy a at 15,000 km/sec and galaxy b at 60,000 km/sec. you can conclude that

A galaxy a is twice as far away as galaxy b.

B galaxy b is twice as far away as galaxy a.

C galaxy a is four times as far away as galaxy b.

D galaxy b is four times as far away as galaxy a



the Doppler shift explains

A change in wavelength due to a moving light source

B change in frequency due to a moving light source

C change in pitch due to a moving sound source

D all of these



the measurement of the Doppler shift of a star allows us to determine its

A temperature

B total velocity

C radial velocity

D proper motion



a light emitting object moving toward an observer will appear to the observer to be emitting waves that are

A longer than normal

B shorter than normal

C unchanged from normal

D different from normal only if the observer is also moving



the light of a distant galaxy has been shifted so that

A its speed is decreased

B its wavelength is decreased

C its wavelength is increased

D its relative brightness is increased



a red shift in the spectrum of a distant galaxy indicates that the galaxy is

A hot.

B cool.

C receding from us.

D advancing toward us.

E none of the above.



the Doppler shift of light from an object approaching us would

A decrease the wavelength

B decrease the frequency

C increase the speed

D increase the amplitude



the Doppler shift of a wave can be used to determine

A the velocity of the source of the wave

B the velocity of the waves

C the distance of the source

D the temperature of the source.



the Doppler effect is used to

A measure the radial velocity of a star.

B detect and study binary stars.

C measure the rotation of the sun.

D two of the above.

E all of the above.



the speed of a distant galaxy can be determined by measuring

A the shift in the pattern of its colors

B its motion in the sky during several years of observation

C the period of its light variation

D its changing distance in the Hubble diagram during several years



a star moving toward us which is otherwise identical to the sun would appear, compared to the sun,

A fainter in actual brightness

B brighter in actual brightness

C bluer

D redder



the pattern of colors of all galaxies outside our cluster of galaxies is

A shifted toward the blue

B shifted toward the red

C identical with the pattern of our own galaxy

D impossible to interpret



a star moving away from the Earth will have a spectrum containing

A red shifted lines.

B blue shifted lines.

C unshifted lines.

D weak lines.



if we see a blue shift for a star in our galaxy, the star

A must be cooler-than-normal.

B must be moving away from us faster than is normal.

C must be moving toward us.

D must be giving off more blue light than a normal star.

E both (a) and (d) above; they mean the same thing.



a red shift in the spectrum of a distant galaxy indicates that it is

A advancing toward the observer

B receding from the observer

C moving across the observer's line of sight

D standing still



when light is Doppler shifted by motion of the source away from the detect

A the measured frequency is higher than the emitted frequency

B the frequency remains the same, but the wavelength is shortened, compared to the emitted radiation

C the detected wavelength is longer than the emitted wavelength

D the speed of the radiation is reduced below the emitted speed



the spectral lines of a star are observed to be shifted toward the blue.

A the star is approaching us

B the star is receding from us

C the star is very hot

D the star is rather cool



the Doppler effect is the change in the wavelength of light caused by the source

A being in an intense magnetic field

B moving with respect to the observer

C being within a high gravitational field

D being embedded in a cloud of dust and gas



if a celestial object is "red shifted,"

A its spectrum shows a Doppler shift to shorter wavelengths

B its spectrum shows a Doppler shift to longer wavelengths

C its light has been filtered through interstellar dust

D its color index must be greater than 1.0



the velocity of a star toward or away from the Earth can be determined by measuring the

A color of the star

B shift of its spectral lines

C brightness of the star

D cannot be determined



the red shift that you measure in the spectrum of a galaxy tells you

A how large it is.

B how much mass it has, in total.

C the temperatures of the stars it contains.

D it is moving away from us and its speed of recession.

E it is moving toward us and its speed of approach.



when a star's spectrum is red shifted as a result of the Doppler effect, we know that the star is

A much cooler than average.

B slightly cooler than average.

C about average temperature.

D hotter than average.

E moving away from Earth.



if the distance between you and a star is decreasing, the wavelength of its spectral lines will:

A be the same as if the motion were not occurring.

B be longer than if the motion were not occurring.

C be shorter than if the motion were not occurring.

D be longer or shorter depending on the distance of the star.



the velocities determined from the shifted pattern of colors of a galaxy is a measure of

A its total velocity

B its velocity relative to the center of the universe

C that part of its velocity relative to us which brings it closer or further from us

D our position relative to the center of the universe



the tangential velocity of a star can be determined from its

A radial velocity and distance

B apparent brightness and parallax

C proper motion and distance

D proper motion and spectral type



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