according to Hubble's law more rapidly moving galaxies are now
A further away from us
B closer to us
C accelerating rapidly
D already contracting toward another big bang
according to the Hubble law, if you find a galaxy (call it "a") four times farther away from you than some other one (call it "b"), then the farther galaxy "a" is moving away from you
A four times faster than galaxy "b".
B four times slower than galaxy "b".
C sixteen times faster than galaxy "b".
D sixteen times slower than galaxy "b".
for as far as we can see the universe is expanding
A at a constant rate
B at an increasing rate the further out we look
C at a decreasing rate the further out we look
D no choice
galaxy x appears to have a speed of recession of about twice that of galaxy y. this suggests that
A galaxy x is about twice as far away as galaxy y
B galaxy y is about twice as far away as galaxy x
C both galaxies are about equally distant but in different locations
D the spectral lines of both galaxies have about the same red shift
which of the following statements is correct and the most complete: the most distant galaxies are
A moving away from us
B moving away from us very rapidly compared to nearer galaxies
C much larger than nearer galaxies
D much brighter than nearer galaxies
in order to evaluate Hubble's constant for distant galaxies, what quantities must you measure?
A red shift and distance
B flux and distance
C flux and radial velocity
D radial velocity and red shift
E distance and size
if galaxy a is four times more distant than galaxy b, then according to the Hubble law, galaxy a will recede
A 16 times faster.
B 4 times faster.
C 2 times faster.
D 1.4 times faster.
Hubble's law
A proves that we are the central galaxy in the universe
B implies that the universe is roughly 3 billion years old
C would probably be discovered by astronomers in any galaxy
D implies that gravity waves actually exist
an important type of object used in the discovery of Hubble's law were
A quasars
B irregular galaxies
C binary stars
D cepheid variable stars
if all distant galaxies are moving away from us, then
A we must be at the center of the universe
B the universe as we know it must have had a definite beginning
C we must live in an expanding universe
D space must be four-dimensional and curved
Hubble's law tells us that:
A the further a galaxy, the faster it recedes from us.
B mass is energy.
C the geometry of the universe depends on its mass.
D a good name for chewing gum is Hubble bubble.
according to Hubble's law, a given galaxy appears now, compared to its appearance five billion years ago,
A to be traveling faster
B further away from us
C both to be traveling faster and further away
D unchanged
the value of the Hubble constant is equal to the ratio of
A velocity and distance
B distance and mass
C mass and luminosity
D velocity and mass
we can use Hubble's law and the Hubble constant to estimate the age of the universe. in doing so, the larger the value of the Hubble constant, then the age of the universe is
A older.
B younger.
C the same for all value.
D impossible to tell.
the usual interpretation of the observations of galaxies is that we live in
A a steady state universe
B an expanding universe
C a very young universe
D a very old universe
in order to plot a graph of Hubble's law, we need to know what information about galaxies?
A distances and red shifts
B luminosities and red shifts.
C diameters and red shifts.
D shapes and red shifts.
E colors and red shifts.
Hubble's law means that
A we live in the center of an expanding universe
B we live in the center of a contracting universe
C the universe is finite
D the universe is expanding, but our location in it is undetermined
Hubble's law for galaxies relates:
A distance and radial velocity for galaxies outside the local cluster.
B distance and mass for galaxies of the local cluster.
C distance and red shift for galaxies of the Virgo cluster.
D radial velocity and absolute magnitude for all galaxies.
the name for the law that relates the velocity of recession of a galaxy to its distance is:
A the bubble law
B Murphy's law
C the Hubble law
D Quayle's law
an observed property of the universe is that
A all objects in the universe move away from us
B most galaxies move away from us
C the universe is contracting
D the sun is at the center of the universe
the question asked in Olbers' paradox of cosmology is
A "where did the universe come from?"
B "why is the sky dark at night?"
C "how old is the universe?"
D "what is beyond the edge of the universe?"
Hubble's law states that
A galaxies begin to move more rapidly as they move away from us
B more distant galaxies are moving faster away from us than nearby galaxies
C the universe is expanding
D all clusters of galaxies move away from each other
according to Hubble's law, we can find out the distance to a galaxy if we know its
A mass.
B luminosity.
C red shift.
D size.
E color.
one difficulty in determining Hubble's constant lies in uncertainties in measuring
A velocities of galaxies.
B fluxes of galaxies.
C red shifts.
D distances to galaxies.
Hubble's law states that the distance of a cluster of galaxies from us is proportional to its
A apparent brightness
B age
C velocity toward us
D velocity away from us
Hubble's law states that
A all objects are moving away from us
B we live in a big bang universe
C the further a cluster of galaxies is from us the faster it is moving away from us
D all objects in the universe eventually expand
Hubble's law states that
A most galaxies are normal
B more distant galaxies are brighter
C nearby galaxies are younger
D more distant galaxies are moving faster away from us
Hubble's law can be reasonably interpreted such that
A the universe is expanding
B all clusters of galaxies move away from each other
C our galaxy occupies no special place within the universe
D all of these
most galaxies we observe are
A speeding towards us
B speeding away from us
C moving in random directions
D moving in unknown directions
which of the following is/are possible sources of error in estimating distances to galaxies using the Hubble relation?
A uncertainties in the value of the h
B using a straight-line extrapolation of the Hubble relation
C inaccurate distances to galaxies used to evaluate Hubble's constant
D all of the above
E none of the above
Hubble's law implies that
A all objects in the universe will eventually expand
B all objects in the universe are moving away from each other
C all galaxies are repelled from each other
D all clusters of galaxies are moving away from each other
astronomers believe that the present value of Hubble's constant is 20 km/s/mly. suppose you heard tomorrow that a new value of Hubble's constant had been determined:10 km/s/mly. what would happen to the value of the age of the universe estimated from the Hubble constant?
A it would be 25 billion years.
B it would be 50 billion years.
C it would be doubled.
D it would be halved.
E it would not be changed; only our idea of the size of the universe would change.
since most galaxies are moving away from us, our galaxy must be
A moving less rapidly than some galaxies
B not moving away from the big bang at all
C at the center of the big bang
D at the edge of a curved, four dimensional universe
basically, the Hubble law tells us that the
A closer a galaxy is, the faster it moves away.
B farther a galaxy is, the faster it moves away.
C farther a galaxy is, the slower it moves away.
D farther a galaxy is, the smaller it is.
E farther a galaxy is, the larger it is.
Hubble's law implies that
A we live in an expanding universe
B the universe is ageless
C quasars are like normal galaxies
D all of the above
the overall expansion of the universe is deduced from
A the Doppler shift of spectral lines in stellar spectra
B the Doppler shift of spectral lines in galactic spectra
C the proper motion of galaxies
D the existence of clusters of galaxies.
all galaxies in our local group are
A moving towards us
B moving away from us
C moving in random directions within the group
D not moving at all within the group
the Hubble distance-velocity relationship states that
A mutual gravitational attraction of all objects in the universe means that all objects appear to be moving towards the sun, with the closest ones traveling fastest
B all distant objects are moving towards the sun, the most distant objects fastest
C the further an object is from the sun, the faster it appears to be moving away from the sun
D all objects appear to have the same velocity away from the sun, irrespective of distance
from the sun
a basic observation of distant galaxies is that
A the universe is static and unchanging
B they are all identical to our own galaxy
C their light is shifted in accordance with the Doppler shift theory
D they are moving toward us
as more distant objects are observed, the objects
A always appear to be fainter
B seem to move in curved lines
C are seen as they existed long ago
D increase in number and distance without limit.
the Hubble relation links which two characteristics of distant objects in the universe?
A luminosity and surface temperature
B distance and velocity of recession
C stellar mass and luminosity
D state of organization and age of clusters of stars
the Hubble relation states that
A bright globular clusters are older
B the age of the universe is related to the size of the universe
C the velocity of a galaxy is related to its distance
D the distance of a galaxy is related to its age
when distant galaxies are observed, it is found that
A all are approaching us
B all are receding from us
C their velocities are random
D they are going in the same direction.
the more distant a galaxy is from us the
A bluer it appears to be
B flatter it appears due to space distortion
C faster it is receding from us
D older it is because it takes light a finite time to reach us
the Hubble law, outlining the expanding universe, relates which two parameters?
A temperature of the object and velocity of recession
B distance of the object and brightness (apparent magnitude)
C velocity of recession and Doppler shift of emitted light
D velocity of recession and distance of the object
astronomers estimate the age of the universe to be about
A 6 thousand years
B 4.5 billion years
C 18 billion years
D there is not even a vague estimate about the age of the universe
all galaxies outside of the local group appear to be retreating from us. a widely accepted interpretation of this fact is that
A the universe was once contained in a tiny speck
B we are at the center of the universe
C the universe must be less than 3 million years old
D the universe is, in effect, a giant black hole
the primary evidence for the expanding universe concept is
A the slow increase in the Earth-moon separation with time
B the discovery of black holes in binary stars
C the Doppler red shift of light from distant galaxies, increasing with distance of the galaxy from Earth
D observation of supernova explosions
the Hubble law, representing observations of distant objects in the universe relates which two parameters?
A the luminosity of a distant object and its position in the galaxy
B the mass of a distant object and its recession velocity
C the mass of an object and its luminosity
D the distance to a distant object and its recession velocity
the steepness of Hubble's law is related to the _____ of the universe
A size
B mass
C age
D luminosity
Olbers' paradox results from asking the question
A what is truth?
B what is the nature of the universe?
C why is the night sky dark?
D what am I doing here?
according to Hubble's law, the more distant a galaxy,
A the faster it is approaching us
B the greater its angular distance
C the greater its observed red shift
D the slower it is moving
Hubble's law
A relates a photon's wavelength to the speed of its source
B relates a galaxy's speed away from us to its distance
C relates a periodic variable star's period to its absolute brightness
D more than one of the above
for which objects in the universe has the Hubble relation been shown to hold?
A distant galaxies
B stars in the distant spiral arms of our galaxy
C galaxies in the local group, in the near vicinity of the milky way
D stars in the near neighborhood of the sun, in our galaxy
spectra of distant galaxies show
A a large red shift
B a large blue shift
C no spectral shift
D a small red shift
Olbers' paradox questions
A how the universe can have a finite volume but no boundary
B how the universe can expand, yet have mass
C why the sky is dark at night
D what is curved in a curved space-time if space is composed of nothing
basically, Hubble's law tells you that
A the closer a galaxy is to us, the faster it moves away from us
B the farther a galaxy is from us, the faster it moves away from us
C the farther a galaxy is away from us, the smaller it is
D the farther a galaxy is away from us, the larger it is
we can get a rough idea of the age of the universe by
A measuring the age of the solar system
B measuring the speed with which the local group of galaxies is moving away from us
C measuring the steepness of Hubble's law
D there is no way to determine the age of the universe, even roughly
the age of the universe is estimated by astronomers to be about
A 50 thousand years
B 5 billion years
C 18 billion years
D a trillion (thousand billion) years
most astronomers agree that at the present time universe is
A contracting
B expanding
C static (unchanging)
D in its sixth oscillation
a certain quasar was found to be receding from the Earth at a speed equal to one-half the speed of light.
A it is rotating very rapidly on its axis
B it is in a state of collapse
C although it is not the most distant object, it is nevertheless very remote
D there is no such object with this high velocity possible
suppose that you read that astronomers list the age of the universe as such-and-such. this calculation is based on
A calculations of the density of matter in the universe.
B the Hubble law.
C the age of rocks on Earth and moon.
D the steady state theory.
E all of the above.
what evidence leads us to believe that the universe is expanding?
A the big bang theory.
B the steady state theory
C the expansion of the solar system.
D the red shift of most galaxies.
E all of the above.
Hubble's constant is, on the average,
A the density of matter in the universe
B the distance of a galaxy from us divided by its recessional speed
C a galaxy's recessional velocity multiplied by its distance from us
D the recessional speed of a galaxy divided by its distance from us
if we know Hubble's constant, we may calculate
A the physical size of the universe.
B the approximate age of the universe.
C the actual density of matter in the universe.
D both (a) and (b).
E both (b) and (c).
Hubble's law shows that the more distant galaxies
A have begun to slow down
B have higher speeds of recession from us than nearer galaxies
C are on the opposite side of the universe from us
D may be moving so fast that they are "outside" our universe
according to Doppler shift data,
A most stars in the galaxy are moving away from the sun.
B most galaxies are moving away from ours.
C stars at greater distance are hotter.
D both (a) and (b) above.
E all of the above.
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