Atmospheric Effects on Light







the red light seen at a sunset is light that has been

A scattered many times by particles in the Earth's atmosphere

C reflected from other celestial objects

B scattered only slightly if at all by particles in the Earth's atmosphere

D emitted independently by particles in the Earth's atmosphere



to which of the following radiations is the Earth's atmosphere least transparent

A infrared

B visible

C radio

D x-ray



in which spectral region is it possible for astronomers to observe through clouds?

A visual

B radio

C ultraviolet

D x-ray



the particles and molecules in the Earth's atmosphere most efficiently scatter which color

A red

B infrared

C blue

D ultra-violet



a satellite is necessary for observation of celestial objects in the

A radio

B visible

C infrared

D x-ray



satellites are currently used in astronomy to

A observe objects too faint to be seen from the ground

B avoid the turbulence of the atmosphere

C observe wavelengths completely absorbed by the atmosphere

D observe objects blocked from view by the Earth



stars twinkle because of motions

A in their atmosphere

B of gas in interstellar space

C of gas in the solar system

D of gas in the Earth's atmosphere



x-ray astronomy has developed only recently because

A the necessary detectors were just invented

B satellites are necessary to get above the Earth's atmosphere

C special telescopes needed to focus x-rays were just invented

D astronomers only recently became interested in observing x-rays



ground based x-ray astronomy is impossible because

A no astronomical objects emit x-rays

B there is too much terrestrial x-ray "noise"

C the Earth's atmosphere absorbs all x-rays

D all astronomical x-rays have been Doppler shifted into the visual part of the spectrum



light pollution

A isn't too bad on nights when the stars twinkle a lot

B makes it harder to see a celestial object against the glow of the sky

C means the light is dirty

D produces speckled photographs



the two ranges of electromagnetic radiation for which the Earth's atmosphere is reasonably transparent, are

A visible and far infrared radiation

B UV and radio waves

C x-rays and visible radiation

D visible and radio radiation



infrared radiation

A passes through the atmosphere without a significant amount of absorption

B is partly absorbed by the atmosphere, but much of it is able to reach the Earth

C is nearly all absorbed by the atmosphere

D is not astronomically important



the Earth's atmosphere is relatively transparent to

A x-rays

B ultra-violet rays

C radio waves

D no electromagnetic waves.



which of the following most easily penetrates the Earth's atmosphere

A x-rays

B radio

C ultraviolet

D gamma rays



which of the following branches of astronomy cannot be performed on the surface of the Earth?

A radio astronomy

B infrared astronomy

C visible light astronomy

D x-ray astronomy



visible light observations from ground based observatories are always hampered by

A cloudy weather

B light pollution

C turbulence in the air

D smog



atmospheric windows are

A located at the equator, in general

B devices allowing astronomers to see through the atmosphere

C areas in the atmosphere where all the radiation from space can be seen

D wavelength regions that are not greatly absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere



which of the following cannot be observed from the Earth's surface

A radio

B visible

C microwave

D ultraviolet



most radio radiation

A passes through the atmosphere without a significant amount of absorption

B cannot be detected from astronomical sources with current technology

C is nearly all absorbed by the atmosphere

D is not astronomically important



the reason that x-ray radiation from stars is not observed on the Earth is that

A astronomical bodies do not emit x-ray radiation

B detectors for observing x-rays have not been developed

C x-rays from the sun blot out all others

D the Earth's atmosphere absorbs all the x-rays from stars



as seen from the Earth's surface, astronomical objects such as planets appear fuzzy because of

A the great distances involved

B their faintness

C the effects of the telescope on their light

D turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere



which of the following radiations do not reach the surface of the Earth in observable quantities

A radio

B infrared

C x-ray

D visible



which of the following part(s) of the electromagnetic spectrum penetrate the atmosphere well?

A visible light.

B infrared waves.

C ultraviolet waves.

D radio waves.

E both (a) and (d) above.



where would be the best place to locate a telescope for observing celestial x-rays

A near a hospital

B on a mountain top

C in a desert

D aboard a satellite



the Earth's atmosphere is transparent to which of the following?

A radio waves

B short ultraviolet wavelengths

C x-rays

D long infrared wavelengths



the blue sky light seen at mid-day is light that has been

A strongly scattered by particles in the Earth's atmosphere

B weakly scattered by particles in the Earth's atmosphere

C reflected from objects near the surface of the Earth

D emitted independently by particles in the Earth's atmosphere



the mid-day sky is blue because

A particles in the Earth's atmosphere efficiently scatter blue light

B particles in the Earth's atmosphere efficiently scatter red light

C the sun is predominantly blue

D our eyes are most sensitive to blue light



the ozone molecule is

A an exotic molecule observed by radio-astronomers in interstellar space

B the principle source of radiation on the sun

C an important absorber of ultraviolet radiation in the Earth's atmosphere

D always a perfect radiator



to view a rainbow after a rainstorm one should look

A toward the sun

B above the sun

C below the sun

D away from the sun



which vehicle is routinely used for x-ray observations

A airplane

B spacecraft

C balloon

D none is needed



sunsets often appear red because

A the sun is actually a reddish star

B the Earth's atmosphere preferentially scatters red light

C the Earth's atmosphere preferentially scatters blue light

D the Earth's atmosphere is transparent only to red light



which of the following effects does the Earth's atmosphere have on starlight

A extinction

B refraction

C scintillation

D all of these



which vehicle is relatively cheap and reusable

A airplane

B sounding rocket

C spacecraft

D none are reusable



ozone is

A a common spray can propellant

B an efficient absorber of ultraviolet light

C a cancer causing agent

D used in radiation therapy



a rainbow is created when

A sunlight is reflected from molecules in the air

B sunlight passes through small water droplets in the air

C particles in the air emit light of different colors

D the sun's light is temporarily split into colors by storms on the surface of the sun



sunsets frequently appear red because

A the molecules and particles in the Earth's atmosphere more effectively scatter blue light than red

B when looking directly at the sun its true reddish color is apparent

C temperature changes triggered by the setting sun alter the atmosphere's transparency to different colors

D of unexplained reasons



which does not get high enough to observe infrared

A rocket

B balloon

C airplane

D all get high enough



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